Hydrocarbon burner



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

0 H. LAND. HYDROOARBON BURNER.

No. 423,432. Patented Mar. 18, 1890-.

'- UNITED STATES PATENT ()EFroE.

CHARLES H. LAND, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN} HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 423,432, dated March 18, 1890.

Application filed November 5,1888. Serial No.'290,001- (N0 model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. LAND, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michigan, have invented a certain new and usefullmprovement in I-lydrocarbomBurners; and I declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appentains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to new and useful improvements in a hydrocarbon -burner, the same being more particularly designed as an improvement upon a burner embodied in a pending application filed by me October 10, 1888, Serial No. 287,733.

' The object of my invention is to provide novel means for conducting an independent air-supply to the lower and the upper regions of combustion in a combustion-chamber to produce a partial combustion in the lower region, thereby effectinga decomposition of the hydrocarbon fuel in a lower or partial stage of combustion, whereby the carbon is setfree and in a highly-heated condition, the carbon .being carried in a highly-heated condition into the upperregiomwhere an additional supply of air is discharged to the red-hot fiame containing anexcess of carbon, in order that a sufficient quantity of oxygen may be provided to unite with the carbon to support and efiect a perfect combustion of the same.

Various means have hitherto been employed to supply an adequate quantity of oxygen to consume the products of combustion; but where a blast has been introduced into the higher regions of combustion in various ways the increased pressure has resulted in forcing the combustible matter in the flame away from the region of combustion and out of the combustion-chamber in the form of smoke unconsumed. My invention is designed to remedy this difiiculty. Moreover, my invention contemplates a concentration or partial confinement of the flame within the combustion-chamber, in order that the carbon may be superheated and mingled with an adequate supply of oxygen without any liability of the combustible material being forced out of said chamber without perfect combustion of the per region of said chamber, and also I contemplate means for producing an exhaust into the smoke-flue, so as to effect a suitable current to support combustion. In this connection'I contemplate the employment of a diffusing-burner of any suitable construction by which the hydrocarbon may be thoroughly disseminated in the presence of a free current of air.

My invention therefore consists of the devices and appliances, their combinations and arrangements, as'more fullyillustrated in the drawings, and more particularly hereinafter described, and pointed'out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is aseparate view of my improved burner. Fig. 2 is a vertical section illustrating said burn er located within a cylindrical stove. Fig. 3 is a modification wherein the hood is provided with a single orifice and a single air-flue is led to discharge air at the base of said orifice.- Fig. 4 is a modification wherein the air-fines are made integral with the door to the combustionchamber; and Fig. 5, a similar View in which said air flue is located in the'door, so as to be swung outwardtherewith to afiord ready access to the diffusing device,

I carry out my invention as follows:

A represents a combustion-chamber, shown in this connection located within a stove A; and I would have it understood that I contemplate the employment of my device in any combustion-chamber, whether in a stove or furnace, (to

My diifusing-burner, herewith illustrated, forms the subject-matter of a separate application, and is shown as consisting of plates a a, &c., arranged in zigzag order, said plates being removably engaged upon any suitable support B, said support provided with abase B, so constructed as to carry the current of f air entering beneath the plates and permit its passage over and between the plates from the rear to the front thereof.

0 represents a hood or dome, engaged upon the supports B and preferably projectingforward from their upper ends, said supports ICO , leading the flues upward thus in front of the extending in an angular direction upward, as shown. The hood is constructed with one or 7 more orifices, preferably cone-shaped,whereby the flame may be permitted to pass.upward in jets through said orifice or orifices.

To afford an independent supply of air to the upper region of combustion, Iprovide one or more air-flues D D, '&c., arranged to discharge the air adjacent to .the base of said orifices. These pipes D D, &c.,'may be variously located. As shown in Fig. 1, they lead upward through the base B their upper ends terminating at the base of the conical orifices in the hood, so as to mingle the air discharged therefrom with the flame carried through said orifices. i

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, I prefer to construct the base of the pipes of metal andtheir' upper ends made separable therefrom, as indicated atbysaid upper ends preferably constructed of fire-clay, although I do not limit myself to the matter used for said flues. By

diffusing-burner they become heated and discharge the air in a heated condition into the flame. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, these airflues are led through the door A to the comi bustion -chamber.

In Fig. 4: the flues are made integralwith the door, and in Fig. 5 they are simply engaged therewith. As so located they may be swung outward in opening the'door, so as to leave free access to the dilfusing-plates, enabling said plates to be readily cleaned Whenever desired.

In Fig. 3 the hood or dome is constructed with a single orifice, a single flue being led to the base thereof. It will be seen that theflame discharged through said orifice will be drawn to a point, and that when air is in-- jectedinto said flame in the manneralready described a flame on the principle of the; blow-pipe flame is produced, especially where a blast-of air is introduced through the'fluebeneath, and my inventioncontemplates either anatural draft or a forced blast, as may be preferred, through these flues communicating with the upper region'of combustion. It will be observed thatth'e plates maybe readily removed for repair, it needful, while at the same. time they 'are readily accessible.

E represents a fuel-supply pipe.

F represents a pipe for communicating a blast to the smoke-flue to effect an exhaust I may be very desirable where the draft is poor,

and may or may not be employed.

It will readily be seen that the hood confines the flame, so that the carbon is not too speedily driven off, while at the same time it is being superheated, in which condition combustion takes place more perfect-1y. This mode of drawing togethera flame into one or more points and the discharge of an indeadequate supply of air may be distributed and mingled therewith, whether in a single jet or in a seriesof jets.

I prefer to use for the dome and surrounding parts 'fi-re brick or clay for the specificpurpose of maintaining the highest possible degree of heated carbon, so that the free carbon may be held at the highest possible degree of temperature simultaneous with the union of a bountiful'supply of oxygen to unite therewith.

What I claim is-- 1. The combination, with a stove-casing, of

a burner arranged therein and provided with inclined and overlapping diffusing-surfaces,

.a hood secured within said casing above the burner and provided with orifices, and apipe for supplying air to the'upper'regions of combustion, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination,-with a stove-casing, of

a burner located therein and provided with inclined'andcommunicating difiusing-channels, a hood provided with one or more'conical orificessand arranged above said burner, and a pipe to discharge a current of 'airbeneath said hood and in proximity to the base of said orifices, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with astove-casing,of a burner consisting-of -a series of inclined and overlapping diffusillg su faces, a hood secured within said casing aboye the burner and .provided with orifices, a pipe'for supplying air to the upper regions of combustion, andan airblast .pipe to produce an exhaust, substan-.

tially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I sign this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES H. LAND.

In this manner the partial combus- 

